Filtration
Water Quality Products
March 2005
Scale… it is a vicious never-ending problem that can kill the overall efficiency of water-cooling systems or towers. It can also clog sand-type filtering systems and turn the sand to cement, eventually shutting it down altogether.
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Filter Provides Legionella Barrier for Hospitals
Water Quality Products
November 2003
Point-of-use units are increasingly gaining acceptance in such applications as hospitals and nursing homes. This technology allows these facilities to produce high-quality water as needed at a lower cost.
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Activated Carbon for Bromate Reduction
Water Quality Products
November 2003
Kimberly D. Thompson and Neal E. Megonnell
Various authors have studied the use of activated carbon and for the most part have concluded activated carbon is not a cost-effective solution. However, these authors have failed to realize the limitations of carbon validation methods or the fact that not all carbons are alike, especially when chemical reactions control the process.
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Filtering Through the Options
Water & Wastes Digest
August 2003
Elaine Floyd
The Watsonville Wastewater Treatment Facility currently pumps 400 gallons per minute through the Tekleen water filter manufactured by Automatic Filters in Los Angeles.
Turnkey Automation Available To Water Works Industry
Water & Wastes Digest
August 2003
David Rizzo
Although the basic components of any filtering system include the filter console, the communications link, the actuators and the instrumentation, it is the turnkey integration of these components into a pre-packaged, pre-engineered and even pre-programmed system that merits its classification as a major step forward.
Farm Animals Need Clean Water, Too
Water Quality Products
July 2003
In 2001, the Minnesota State Fair built the Miracle of Birth Center to reflect modern animal production practices in the existing Children's Barnyard at the fairgrounds. Dechlorinated water was one very important step that could be made to keep the animals comfortable and healthy at the fair.
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NSF Conference Addresses Public Water System Compliance Using POU/POE
Water Quality Products
June 2003
In February, NSF International arranged for many experts to cover the issues and facets of point-of-use and point-of-entry (POU/POE), how they can be used for PWS compliance and other opportunities for the manufacturers and users. This article is intended to provide opinions and a broad conference overview.
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Arsenic Treatment
Water Quality Products
June 2003
Ley Hathcock, Ph.D., Rich Cavagnaro & Greg Gilles
A wide range of technologies, some new and some more traditional, is being marketed and applied for arsenic treatment. Each of these technologies has specific properties impacting its suitability for any particular scale of application. While rare, the ability of a single water treatment technology to perform effectively across many treatment platforms is not unique.
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E. Coli
Water Quality Products
May 2003
Danielle Duclos
This article provides a general overview of E. coli and drinking water as well as current and emerging monitoring and decontamination technologies.
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Chesapeake Seals the Deal
Water Engineering & Management
May 2003
Watertight Storm Sewer Group
The City of Chesapeake, Va. is located in the region called Hampton Roads, the 27th largest metro area in the country with more than 1.5 million residents. With an annual rainfall of approximately 48", its designers must contend with the prospects of determining where 294 billion gallons of water will go. A large share of this rainfall will find its way into the storm sewers. Last year, the City Council appropriated an extra $467,600 for contract cave-in repairs. The City of Chesapeake has recognized this problem and is developing a program to address it.
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George Warren Fuller, Industry Pioneer
Water Engineering & Management
May 2003
Bill Swichtenberg
The George Warren Fuller Award is presented annually to one member of each section of the American Water Works Association (AWWA). It is based on recommendations from the sections for distinguished service in the water supply field and "in commemoration of the sound engineering skill, the brilliant diplomatic talent and constructive leadership talent" that characterized Fuller's life.
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Water Treatment: Thinking Small
Water & Wastes Digest
May 2003
Richard Merwin
As populations grow, as urban, suburban and ex-urban areas expand, demand for water increases and safety standards rise. An effective and creative way to deal with problems of growth and resource management might just be to think small. A case in point is the Olivenhain Municipal Water District's (OMWD) treatment facility in San Diego County, California.
Zero Waste: A Look at the Future of Reverse Osmosis
Water Quality Products
March 2003
Josh Hanford, Watts Industries
Most reverse osmosis systems waste as much as 20 gallons just to produce one gallon of product water. The new technology called "ZeroWaste" eliminates this problem by returning the concentrate water from the reverse osmosis system back to the home's plumbing, resulting in 100 percent efficiency.
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Filtration Fundamentals
Water Quality Products
March 2003
Bill Kavey
Over the years, water quality has noticeably deteriorated worldwide. This decline in water quality stems from the extreme demand on very limited natural resources. Various principles of filtration are used in many applications to improve the general quality of the water that is being treated. Along with screen filters, coagulation/filtration, neutralizing filters, oxidizing filters, clairifying filters and carbon filters are other treatment methods that may be used.
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Greensand Process Removes Iron, Manganese, Arsenic from Groundwater
Water & Wastes Digest
March 2003
Manganese greensand is a specially processed medium for iron, manganese, and hydrogen sulphide removal. This premium non-proprietary filter medium is processed from glauconitic greensand on which a shiny, hard finite thickness manganese oxide coating is formed and is firmly attached on every grain by a controlled process.
Arsenic Treatment Options for the Southwest
Water Quality Products
February 2003
Arizona Water Quality Association
While high concentrations of arsenic are found mostly in the Western region of the United States, parts of the Midwest and New England show levels of arsenic
that exceed the newly approved U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard of 10 parts per billion (ppb). Individuals not willing to wait for their water system's compliance with the arsenic standard currently are looking for treatment systems to use in their homes. POU and even point-of-entry (POE) treatment systems are an attractive solution for these individuals. The process should begin with a basic understanding of arsenic contamination and the element's chemistry, a complete water quality analysis of the application-specific water and the knowledge of available technologies.
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Point-of-Use Reverse Osmosis
Water Quality Products
February 2003
Tony Pagliaro
As the residential point-of-use (POU) reverse osmosis (RO) industry approaches its 35th anniversary, it is time for a reality check on the industry's progress to date as well as a look ahead to new technologies or improvements that the industry may introduce for POU RO systems in 2003.
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Integrated Technology Simplifies Dewatering Process at Two Municipal STPs
Water & Wastes Digest
February 2003
Robert W. Mau, USFilter
The borough of West Mifflin, Penn., is a community located about nine miles southeast of downtown Pittsburgh. For years, the West Mifflin Sanitary Sewer Municipal Authority (WMSSMA) hauled liquid from its New England STP (a 1.2 mgd plant) to the Thompson Run facility (a 4.5 mgd plant), where it was processed on a belt press for dewatering. However, the hauling and associated labor proved very costly, and it was not always easy to coordinate dewatering schedules for both plants.
Additionally in the late 1990s, the WMSSMA faced a requirement to achieve higher cake solids and provide odor control that would respect nearby homes and businesses. Moreover, space constraints and staffing reductions necessitated a simple-to-operate installation.
Reverse Osmosis - Anion-Filtration Water Plant Run by a Single Automation Platform with Fieldbus Communications
Water Engineering & Management
January 2003
Robert Oreskovich, John Contestable, Ken Flatt, Ian C. Watson, P.E., and John Rifleman
A new 3.0 mgd water treatment plant on North Carolina's Cape Hatteras is believed to be the first in the United States to apply Foundation fieldbus for device-level control communications. The plant, built by the Dare County Water Department near the famous Cape Hatteras Lighthouse, has been operating without a problem since startup more than two years ago. Fieldbus has been widely applied in all process industries including electric power generation, an industry also cautious to adapt new technology.
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A New Option in Valve Actuators Strengthens Control of Filtering Operations
Water Engineering & Management
January 2003
Water works engineers are now turning to a new generation of pneumatic valve actuators that are capable of executing the instructions of electronic control systems with the necessary precision to accurately control effluent flow. Surprisingly simple but rugged in construction, this new breed of actuators also is meeting the need to reduce downtime, as some of the first ones to debut in 1981 are still in operation without needing a spare (new) part.
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Arsenic Overview Series - Part 1
WaterInfoCenter
January-December 2003
Sherry Odom
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metal found in rocks and soil, which can be released into the environment through geological events such as volcanic activity and erosion. Other releases of arsenic into the environment occur through industrial processes such as production of paints, metals, soaps, dyes, drugs, semi-conductors and wood preservatives, as well as in mining and smelting.
Arsenic Overview Series - Part 2
WaterInfoCenter
January-December 2003
Sherry Odom
Consumers unwilling to drink arsenic contaminated water are demanding a more rapid implementation. Publicly owned utilities, however, will be held hostage from implementing a more rapid solution due to government approval cycles, annual budgets, required biding processes and slow implementation schedules. As a result, in-home treatment systems, which immediately can be installed, are a very popular treatment option for individual homeowners. Other advantages such as low implementation/operating costs and improved flexibility make the POU/POE approach option appealing.
Arsenic Overview Series - Part 3
WaterInfoCenter
January-December 2003
Sherry Odom
In addition to officially sponsored research projects being performed throughout the world (see Section V for more information on research), many universities, government organizations and industry professionals are active in providing solutions to this issue. The following papers have been presented on arsenic treatment, health effects or policy issues at various tradeshows and conferences throughout the United States.
Arsenic Overview Series - Part 5
WaterInfoCenter
January-December 2003
Sherry Odom
Research on arsenic can be broken down into three general areas -- health effects, treatment options and cost evaluations.There are more than 1,000 published research papers on health effects alone. This section provides an over-view of the most prominent research related to these areas which have impacted EPA’s decisions. There also are links to research organizations that can provide access to the specific projects conducted.
Arsenic Overview Series - Part 6
WaterInfoCenter
January-December 2003
Sherry Odom
What research is being done at University's throughout the US? Colleges and universities across the U.S. are continuing their efforts in educating the population on the subject of arsenic. Both public and private universities are contributing their time, money, and expertise in areas of arsenic research such as geochemistry, health effects, and treatment options. Research programs, such as the ones listed below, are just a glimpse of the ongoing studies for arsenic. Ongoing research is necessary in order to continue to develop efficient and cost-effective solutions for the far-reaching problem of arsenic contamination.
Arsenic Overview Series - Part 7
WaterInfoCenter
January-December 2003
Wes McGowan
These terms are pulled from "All About Water: An Illustrated Dictionary of Water Terminology" by Wes McGowan
ETV Testing Verifies Membrane Filtration Plant Treats Surface Water, Meets D/DBP Rule
Water Quality Products
December 2002
PCI Membrane Systems, Inc.
A study published as part of the EPA's Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program verifies the performance of a Fyne Process membrane filtration plant tested on high organic-laden surface water in Barrow, Ark. The plant was able to remove significant levels of organics--precursors to disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA)--producing water that easily met the disinfection byproduct standards set by the EPA's stringent Stage 1 D/DBP Rule.
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Desalination in America
Water Quality Products
November 2002
John B. Tonner, Water Consultants International
On average there are 50 to 75 significant desalination projects per year in the United States with an average capacity of approximately 1 million gallons per day. The majority of these projects utilize membrane processes such as nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO).
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Australian Microfiltration System is World's Largest For Potable Water Treatment
Water & Wastes Digest
November 2002
The AQUA 2000 Project is a build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT)
project, delivered and operated by Vivendi Water Australia. It includes the
construction and operation for 25 years of a water treatment scheme for the
Coliban Water Authority in Victoria, located in southeastern Australia.
Filter Housing Design Fits Height, Seismic Stress Needs
Water & Wastes Digest
November 2002
Occasionally, height is an issue in a filtration system's housing design. A few years ago, Eden Equipment Company of Huntington Beach, Calif., was approached by a client with just this issue. Due to the client's specific requirements for their system, Eden's original ideas and drawings for this horizontal vessel needed to be redesigned. In addition to the height restrictions on their system, they also needed a design that could withstand a Seismic Zone 4 earthquake.
Integrated Technology Simplifies Dewatering Process at Two Municipal STPs
Water & Wastes Digest
October 2002
In the late 1990s, one western Pennsylvania sewage treatment plant (STP) sought to process Class B biosolids on-site, eliminating the expense of hauling liquid off-site and significantly decreasing associated labor costs. At the same time, the plant needed to achieve higher cake solids and provide strict odor control. In addition, the selected equipment also had to be able to greatly enhance process efficiencies at not just the one plant, but its sister facility as well. Fortunately, USFilter offered a fairly simple solution to meet the STP's seemingly complex needs.
Ultraviolet Dechlorination Technology
Water Quality Products
July 2002
Aquionics
At the Procter & Gamble manufacturing plant in Greensboro, N.C., an Aquionics ultraviolet (UV) dechlorination unit was installed before two banks of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Trials that ran soon after the UV system’s installation showed a dramatic reduction in the RO membrane wash frequency—down from an average of eight cleanings per month to only two per month.
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The Great Activated Carbon Dilemma
Water Quality Products
July 2002
Neal Megonnell, Calgon Carbon Corp
Drinking water treatment professionals have long held fast to the belief that granular activated carbon (GAC) based on bituminous coal provides the best performance for their demanding application. That’s why, when an article in 1999 cited evidence that a lignite-based GAC outperformed a bituminous-based carbon, industry experts were surprised and more than a bit skeptical.
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Revisiting the Selection of Stainless Steel in Water and Wastewater Treatment Environments: Part 3
Water Engineering & Management
July 2002
Frederick Bloetscher, Richard J. Bullock, Robert E. Fergen, Gerhardt M. Witt, and Gary D. Fries
Based on the City of Hollywood’s experience, the use of 316L stainless steel should be evaluated carefully due to the potential for problems in the erection and construction of water treatment facilities that will be in contact with high chloride water and/or other corrosive chemistries. As with many membrane facilities, much of the stainless steel is exposed (not buried), which subjected it to atmospheric as well as water quality problems. Therefore, unless the quality control of the raw and reject water (chemical, physical and microbial) can be assured, 316L stainless steel may not be the appropriate material for engineers to specify.
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Stormwater Treatment: A Look at Various Methods, Hydrodynamic Separators
Water & Wastes Digest
July 2002
Since the passing of the Clean Water Act, the industry has made great strides in improving the quality of point source discharges to the environment. As treatment technologies continue to improve, non-point source pollution becomes a more significant contributor to environmental degradation.
Small Site Dictates Stormwater Treatment Solution in Mich. Redevelopment
Water & Wastes Digest
July 2002
Ann Arbor, a densely populated university town of 180,000, has been seeing an increase in urban redevelopment pressure in recent years as developable land has become scarce and land values have risen. The city of Ann Arbor has worked closely with the County Drain Commissioner’s office to use this redevelopment as an opportunity to improve the quality of stormwater flowing into the county drains.
Evaluating Activated Carbons
Water Quality Products
June 2002
Henry Nowicki, Ph.D., Mick Greenbank, Ph.D. and Homer Yute, M.S., PACS
New
challenges are emerging in the industry that require new methods and product
developments. This article discusses additional test methods for the AC
industry.
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Membranes: Fouling & Cleaning
Water Quality Products
May 2002
Bjarne Nicolaisen
Membrane technology offers the possibility of managing total water resources. The spiral wound membrane element configuration is the most widely used due to its high packing density and relatively low price. This article will describe some technological advances in the area of innovative new membranes and application concepts for spiral wound membrane elements.
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Growing Awareness of POU
Water Quality Products
May 2002
Glenn Land and Bill Harrison
The future of safe drinking water lies squarely in the hands of the point-of-use (POU) water purification industry. Growing awareness among decision-makers and consumers is the force behind the increasing importance of the POU industry.
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Using Advanced Adsorptive Media for Arsenic Treatment
Water Engineering & Management
April 2002
Greg Gilles and Jennifer Mathis
On November 26, 2001, the new arsenic standard was signed into law—lowering the acceptable level for the contaminant from 50 parts per billion (ppb) to 10 ppb. Approximately 4,100 municipal water systems serving nearly 13 million people nationwide are affected by the law and are required to meet compliance by January 2006. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 97 percent of these systems are small systems serving fewer than 10,000 people each. The economic impact on these small systems is likely to be large. However, there currently are options available to small municipalities that may be more affordable than central treatment.
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Making the Filtration Buying Process Easier for Your Customers
Water Quality Products
March 2002
By David M. Marsh
If you’ve seen it once, you’ve seen it a hundred times—customers who come to you looking for a home filtration system, unaware of what their specific needs are. While many consumers simply want a system that improves their water’s taste and aesthetic qualities, the majority are looking for a product that will make their water healthier. But as you know, “healthier” is a subjective term, and without knowing the issues that are present in the customer’s water, providing them with a system that fits their needs isn’t very easy to do.
Production of High Purity Water From Seawater
Water Quality Products
March 2002
Contributed by Ted Prato, Erik Schoepke, Lance Etchison, Tom O’Brien, Brian Hernon and Kit Perry, I
The Diablo Canyon Power Plant at Avila Beach in California utilizes seawater for both cooling water and makeup water for steam generation. Ionics, Inc., Watertown, Mass., designed and built and now operates a complete water treatment system serving the high-purity water needs of this power plant. Over the past eight years, the seawater treatment section has demonstrated excellent long-term performance as a result of strong design, consistent maintenance and qualified operators.
Project Compares Brackish Water Desalination Technologies – Part 2
Water Engineering & Management
March 2002
Jim Passanisi, Janet Persechino and Todd K. Reynolds
Part one of this article appeared in the February issue and described how nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and electrodialysis reversal are being run side-by-side at the Brackish Water Demonstration Facility in California.
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Project Compares Brackish Water Desalination Technologies - Part 1
Water Engineering & Management
February 2002
Jim Passanisi, Janet Persechino and Todd K. Reynolds
In Port Hueneme, California, a state-of-the-art desalination facility uses three brackish water desalination technologies: reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF) and electrodialysis reversal (EDR), operated side-by-side to produce over three million gallons per day (mgd) of high quality drinking water. The Brackish Water Reclamation Demonstration Facility (BWRDF) is the cornerstone of the Port Hueneme Water Agency’s (PHWA) Water Quality Improvement Program. In addition to providing desalted water for local use, the BWRDF also serves as a full-scale research and demonstration facility.
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Boost POE Sales by Leveraging the New Arsenic Standard
Water Quality Products
February 2002
Craig Winter, CWS-III, EnviroInvestigations &Remediation
Recent market research showed that more than 73 percent of consumers prefer to consult with a water treatment professional when dealing with arsenic. Combining this inclination with the preference for the POE approach, the treatment professional has a unique opportunity to generate significant new revenue from POE sales with minimal upfront effort.
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Legionella Management and Monitoring: Part 2
Water Quality Products
February 2002
Paul S. Warden, Kristen S. Fallon, Ph.D., M.S.E.L., & Colin R. Fricker, Ph.D.
Well-designed water distribution and cooling systems,
coupled with sound management and operational procedures, are essential to
control Legionella in industrial facilities—and a monitoring program
should not be considered as a replacement. However, most experts even those
ill-disposed towards routine Legionella monitoring, would agree that monitoring
should be considered if enough legionellosis risk factors apply to the system
in question. No management program, regardless of its treatment, maintenance or
monitoring components, can guarantee the absence of future legionellosis, but
prudent operational practices combined with ongoing review of risk factors will
allow facility managers to minimize exposure to Legionella and to its legal consequences.
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Innovations in the Activated Carbon Industry
Water Quality Products
February 2002
Henry Nowicki, Barbara Sherman and Homer Yute
Like an international cookbook, the attendees of the Ninth Annual International Activated Carbon Conference (IACC) from around the world contributed to a recipe for a successful future for the activated carbon industry. Speakers brought their new ideas and on-going practices together. This annual conference had guests from all over the United States, Canada, Australia, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa and India. The conference connects buyers, sellers and users of activated carbon and related materials and services.
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RO Maintenance
Water Quality Products
January 2002
Nevin Rudie
Understanding and reacting to the performance of a reverse osmosis (RO) system is necessary for continued successful operation. It is this interaction that allows us to quickly and correctly identify and correct issues that may arise.
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Ultrafiltration Plant Provides Potable Water
Water Quality Products
December 2001
Contributed By PCI-Water
West of Scotland Water (WoSW) awarded a contract, under competitive tender, for its first ultrafiltration plant to PCI-Water. This is the first installation in the United Kingdom using a hydranautics-based UltraBar system.
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Bioterrorism May Pose Threat to Water Supplies
Water Quality Products
December 2001
Wendi Hope King
If our water supplies actually do come under attack, the question remains: Is there any way for consumers to protect themselves? Unfortunately, it seems to be too early to tell, yet some companies are beginning to emerge with products that may be the answer.
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Filters Help Preserve Shipwreck
Water Quality Products
December 2001
The Belle, a small 17th-Century French frigate, was discovered in July 1995 in Matagorda Bay, Texas, in 12 feet of water. The delicate nature of the waterlogged wood meant it could not be allowed to dry out. The water storing the ship must be free of particulate, algae and bacteria and may contain only chemicals safe for the staff to work in. Water also must be kept particulate-free in order for the conservation solution to work properly.
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Filters Help Preserve 17th Century Shipwreck
Water & Wastes Digest
December 2001
To most people, water clarity is important, but the nautical
archaeologists at Texas A&M University know that to rebuild a 300-year-old
ship, it is essential. They needed filtration equipment that was up to the
task.
Pure Water the Way It Was Meant to Be
Water Quality Products
November 2001
By Michael Pennington, Severn Trent Services
As the public becomes more health conscious and educated about water contamination, demand for bottled water continues to increase. In order to provide purified water, it is important to understand the reverse osmosis (RO) water purification process.
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POU Options for Arsenic
Water Quality Products
November 2001
The topic of arsenic has received a lot of press coverage this year, ever since the Bush administration halted the EPA’s newly issued maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 parts per billion (ppb). Since then, the MCL was reinstated back to 50 ppb and further discussions and studies have continued. This article will discuss some of these updates.
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Water and Air UV Treatment
Water Quality Products
November 2001
By Bak Srikanth, Aquafine Corp., and David Witham, UltraViolet Devices, Inc.
UV is an accepted and rapidly growing technology for treating wastewater in the United States. In Europe, it commonly is used as a primary disinfectant in municipal drinking water systems. Other applications include food and beverage, pharmaceutical, semiconductor and power generation. This article will discuss three other commercially successful and growing applications.
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Q&A: Polymeric Membrane Filtration
Water Quality Products
October 2001
Wendi Hope King
The following interview is with Robert Huehmer, who currently is process manager with USFilter?s (a Vivendi Water company) Memcor, Microfloc and General Filter products division, located in Timonium, Md.
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Judicial Equities Override Filtration Requirement
Water Engineering & Management
October 2001
Dan Kucera
A recent federal court decision may have created an opportunity for relief from United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rules that impose costs that substantially exceed benefits.
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Controlling Mechanisms of Contaminant Ion Leakage in Condensate Polishing Systems
Water Quality Products
September 2001
Stephen W. Najmy, The Dow Chemical Co.
Extracting the maximum benefit from condensate polishing systems continues to be a top priority among many electric utility plants. With cost reduction pressures and increasing water quality standards, owners and operators continue to evaluate the resin handling procedures that affect corrosion product transport and contaminant ion impurity levels.
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Carbon Block Manufacturing
Water Quality Products
June 2001
Michael D, Steinhardt, US Filter
Carbon block is used in a wide variety of applications and performs a wider range of filtration tasks than other products. How carbon block is engineered will determine its use.
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Plant Fine Tunes Filtration Performance with On-Line W
Water Engineering & Management
June 2001
By Joe Guerra
Because particle counting is a more sensitive measurement than turbidity measurement, liquid-borne particle counting is playing an increasing role in potable water treatment. At San Francisco’s Harry Tracy Filter Plant, operators are using a water particle counter to fine-tune filter operations. Based on the successful performance of its online unit, plant management is planning to fine-tune filter runtimes even further by installing additional particle counters to monitor raw water influent as well as individual filter and combined filter effluent particle counts.
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Filter Cartridges
Water Quality Products
May 2001
Compiled by Wendi Hope King, WQP Staff
The following is some basic information compiled from industry experts at diverse companies. Additional information is available at the contact information provided.
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Cryptosporidium - A brief overview of a new technology
Water Quality Products
March 2001
Danielle Duclos
The occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum and other pathogens in water supplies poses a dangerous problem to the water industry and human health. Read about a new technology that is helping rid of this problem.
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Seawater Desalination With Reverse Osmosis
Water Quality Products
March 2001
Jorg Menningmann, Waterlink Pure Water Division
Desalination technology has brought fresh water and hence industrial and commercial development to areas of the world that otherwise might have remained unproductive. Not only has development been enhanced by this technology but, more importantly, the health and welfare of many people have been improved by the supply of sanitary fresh water supplies.
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Centrifuge Helps Filter Water and Process Fluids Automatically
Water Engineering & Management
February 2001
Customers’ calls documenting the ability to remove solids that build up in their water in their production and processing plants continue to confirm for Jeffery Beattey, president of Midwest Engineered Products Corp., an original equipment manufacturer based in Indianapolis, Ind., that his recent invention of a new centrifuge for fluid filtration was just in time.
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8th Annual Activated Carbon Conference Show Review
Water Quality Products
January 2001
Barbara J. Sherman and Henry G. Nowicki
The 8th Annual International Activated Carbon Conference (IACC-8) and optional training courses took place on Sept. 18—23. This article provides a brief review of some of the activities and summaries of the speakers’ topics.
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Nanofiltration Membranes
Water Quality Products
January 2001
Harold Nicoll
Nanofiltration is a liquid separation membrane technology positioned between reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration.
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Water Softening
Water Quality Products
January 2001
Nancy Lucas, Cargill Salt
Among the many challenges water softening dealers face, one of most difficult can be the presence of iron in a customer’s water supply, particularly in areas where iron content is high. Iron can be a challenge to identify, let alone to recommend an effective and efficient treatment.
Ultrafiltration
Water Quality Products
December 2000
Mike Sadar
Ultrafiltration (UF) rapidly is becoming a common and practical method of preparing pure water that is free of particulate matter.
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Roundtable Discussion: E. coli (Escherichia coli)
Water Quality Products
November 2000
Wendi Hope King
Recent outbreaks of E. coli have brought consumer’s attention to their drinking water. Understanding its source, regulations and prevention will be key to combating this waterborne illness.
Pennsylvania Filtration Plant Helps Meet NPDES Discharge Requirements
Water & Wastes Digest
October 2000
In the early 1990s, the Milford-Trumbauersville Area Sewer Authority in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, recognized the need to upgrade the existing sewage treatment plant. This was necessary to increase capacity and to meet future more stringent requirements set by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection for Unami Creek.
Well Water Treatment: Ozone Helps Solve Water Problems at Bassi Ranch
Water Quality Products
September 2000
Ted Rich
An analysis of the raw well water (Table 1) shows a pH of 7.9 and 30 color units with >20 mg/L hydrogen sulfide, 5.6 mg/L iron and 0.6 mg/L manganese. Odor was detected at 10 threshold odor number (TON), indicative of the high hydrogen sulfide levels. To meet these water problems head-on, the homeowners formed the Bassi Ranch Mutual Water Co. in 1992.
Valve Control Network Helps Bring Aging Water Plant Up to Date
Water Engineering & Management
August 2000
The City of Bismark, N.D., in 1996 drafted a plan to upgrade the filter beds in its 43-year-old water treatment plant. The goal was to advance into a networked automation system that would provide up-to-date control of its filters and be easily expandable to keep pace with future automation demands.
Legionella: Minimizing Risks
Water Engineering & Management
August 2000
W. Craig Meyer
Legionellosis, the disease caused by Legionella spc., is common, though most people would guess it is extremely rare. Outbreaks of Legionellosis, defined as a cluster of three or more cases in a single locale, occur regularly in the United States and much of the developed world.
Membrane Filtration As an Alternative: Part 2
Water Engineering & Management
August 2000
Dr. Mohamed Lahlou
Part one of this article appeared in the July issue and discussed microfiltration and utrafiltration. This article discusses nanofiltration and reverse osmosis.
Membrane Filtration as an Alternative: Part 1
Water Engineering & Management
July 2000
Dr. Mohamed Lahlou
Once considered a viable technology only for desalination, membrane processes are increasingly employed for removal of bacteria and other microorganisms, particulate material and natural organic material that can impart color, tastes and odors to the water.
Nuclear Power Plants Crosslinked Resin Ion Exchange System Provdes the Right Reactor Water Chemistry
Water Quality Products
July 2000
James Stahlbush and Stephen Najmy
In the nuclear power industry, finding an ion exchange system that provides the right feedwater and reactor water chemistry is a delicate balancing act. That?s why engineers at Niagara Mohawk?s Nine Mile Nuclear Power Station?Unit Two, a boiling water reactor with deep-bed condensate polishers in central New York, turned to The Dow Chemical Co. for help in meeting stringent industry guidelines for feedwater iron.
New Arsenic Treatment Technology Tested in India
Water & Wastes Digest
May 2000
A new low cost technology for purifying arsenic contaminated groundwater assists the government of India in removing this slow but steady assassin from their midst.
Liquid Regeneration of Spent Activated Carbons
Water Quality Products
March 2000
Henry G. Nowicki
New liquid phase-based processes to regenerate spent AC have been conducted. Two liquid processes, competitive adsorbate displacement and supercritical fluid (SCF) regeneration, will be discussed.
Desalination System Brings Water to Small Island Off Washington Coast
Water & Wastes Digest
February 2000
Off the coast of Washington, 32 families on Guemes Island were faced with an aging well that was drawing salt water into its system. Because groundwater is scarce on the island, residents had to rely on what little rain water soaks into the ground.
The Gray Area: The Difference Between Commercial and Industrial
Water Quality Products
February 2000
Wendi Hope King
For a long time, the commercial and industrial (C&I) markets have been accepted as one sector of the water industry. Although considered different from such other markets as residential, agricultural and wastewater, there is a large murky area when being separated from each other.
The Challenge of Membrane Maintenance
Water Quality Products
February 2000
Peter Cartwright
The membrane processing technologies of microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are widely used to separate suspended and dissolved materials from water solutions in numerous industrial, medical and drinking water applications.
Exploring the Multifunctional Nature of Activated Carbon Filtration
Water Quality Products
January 2000
Francis J. DeSilva
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is commonly used for removing organic constituents and residual disinfectants in water supplies. Activated carbon is a favored water treatment technique because of its multifunctional nature and the fact that it adds nothing detrimental to the treated water.
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Desalination of Seawater and Brackish Water
Water Quality Products
January 2000
Wil Pergande and Barry Abolmaali
The increasingly broad range of requirements for water quality has motivated the water treatment industry to refine existing techniques, combine methods and explore new water purification technologies including desalination.
Media Filters Reduce Biocide Costs at Dairy
Water Quality Products
January 2000
A PEP SMF-FG-24 media filter from Process Efficiency Products, Inc., was installed on the remote sump to reduce biocide costs at the dairy.
Filter Design Helps Eliminate Fouling
Water Quality Products
December 1999
Bill Hall, Sr.
Filtration is an important part of most water treatment systems. Filters range from simple cartridge systems to large commercial/industrial multi-tank systems, not to mention the large municipal systems that filter drinking water.
Manufacturing with Membranes
Water Quality Products
March 1999
Steve Morris
An overview of various filtration methods and their applications.
Traveling Bridge Filter Problems Eliminated
Water & Wastes Digest
March 1999
Bethel Park, Pennsylvania installed two 4MGD traveling bridge filters in 1980. According to Joe Witkowski, who manages the facility, "We had serious media leakage with our old filters. We had continuous backwashing and mechanical problems - they just couldn't handle high flows. Plus, they had serious media leakage problems."
Filtration Process Restores Murky Pools
Water Engineering & Management
March 1999
Jim Jebbia and David Simon
One Hawaiian hotel was able to quickly fix a filter problem that was turning its tropical ponds into a milky and murky mess.
Membrane Filtration for Water and Wastewater
Water Quality Products
February 1999
Membrane filtration, widely used in chemical and biotechnology processes, is already established as a valuable means of filtering and cleaning wastewater and industrial process water.
Large Anthracite Media Does the Job
Water & Wastes Digest
September 1998
Bill Scully
Tertiary Filtration Piloting conducted at two different WWTPs demonstrate improved performance of large anthracite media compared to dual and single sand media filtration.
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